Intermodulation calculator excel. Unlimited calculated intermodulation frequencies output with order of 2 and higher. Intermodulation calculator excel

 
 Unlimited calculated intermodulation frequencies output with order of 2 and higherIntermodulation calculator excel  As a result, the spectrum produces extra signals and its original signal within its harmonics

Higher order PIM products like IM7 can have a wide. Intermodulation Distortion (IMD) is a measurement of the ratio (in dB) between the amplitude of the fundamental signals and the third-order distortion products. This article explains how to calculate a percentage in Excel using various methods, such as formulas and formatting. Let's derive the compound annual growth rate of a company's sales over 10 years: The. 00\ ;\($#,##0. The handling of trafic through a base station is in general handled by. 4 (x86) File name: sifmpro_setup_1-3-4. Depending on the phase relationship between the IM products of the DUT and spectrum analyzer, the overall IM distortion can be higher (in-phase IM. PIM is generated when high. Spur Calculator Spectrum Analyzer How To Use Spur Calculator. e. Interference due to intermodulation generally occurs when at least two transmitters close to the receiving antenna produce very strong. The free space path loss formula. Knowing. To get data at any temperature between 0 and 100 C, we’ll have to interpolate. The following Microsoft Excel formula performs linear interpolation by calculating the interpolation step value:. It then can check for any 3rd, 5th. Calculate a list of mixer spurious responses for a set frequency plan. The link budget is an impotant value that enables engineers to design systems based on the required sensitivity of a receiver at a particular distance. Websitegenerate second harmonic and intermodulation, but not any fundamental signals. We use the PMT function to calculate the monthly payment on a loan with an annual interest rate of 5%, a 2-year duration and a present value (amount borrowed) of $20,000. * For Excel 2003: The CUMIPMT function. 7. Download. This program calculates mixer intermodulation products upto 5th order and displays graph in amplitude vs. 75%, which is. transmitters. Intermod Assist is an intermodulation analysis and frequency coordination application. 2. Input Frequency lower value, MHz (input1) : Input Frequency higher value, MHz (input2) : Lower Sideband, High value (Output2) : Upper Sideband, High value (Output4) : EXAMPLE: INPUTS: input frequency range = 800 (low) to 850 MHz (high), Local Oscillator Frequency=700 MHz. The undesirable signals are called intermodulation products. IMD is measured by examining the output of a D evice U nder T est (DUT) with a spectrum analyser while the DUT is being stimulated with a two-tone-rf test signal. ” Regular NPV formula: =NPV(discount rate, series of cash flows) This formula assumes that all cash flows received are spread over equal time periods, whether years, quarters, months, or otherwise. This software tool specifically designed for the wireless, professional audio and video industries. Figure 1: P OUT vs. 11 = 5. Following table provides links to useful Wireless converters and calculators. Here is a calculator. Unlimited calculated intermodulation frequencies output with order of 2 and higher. This function can be really useful when the x-value is missing. Calculate the monthly payments, total interest, and the amount of the balloon payment for a simple loan using this Excel spreadsheet template. A convenient way to introduce the IP3 concept is to describe how intermodulation products vary relative to desired output signal level. 99999 nm. The table below lists air density as a function of temperature in 20-degree Celsius increments. The most prominent during a two tone test would be the intermodulation products at 2f1-f2, 2f2-f1 and third harmonics at 3f1 and 3f2. To calculate the input referred IP3 (IIP3) we use: To calculate the output referred IP3 (OIP3) we use:SpreadsheetConverter runs as an add-in in Excel. The most common interference are the 3rd and 5th orders. Q: How are intermodulation calculations done?. IP3 is a figure of merit of device linearity based on the relationship between a 2-tone analytic signal and its resulting self-intermodulation terms. The main source of PIM based distortion is mainly connection or junction between different types of materials. Figure B shows a matching Table object with no data or expressions. D3-C3 gives us the answer in days i. Categories Windows. 2nd-order products lie far in frequency to the two input tones and are therefore not very likely to fall. The component "Frequencies Plan" display the details of all devices continuously (like an Excel spreadsheet) and allow changes to the display (text size, color, etc. Two of the more popular programs are IAS (Intermodulation Analysis Software) made by Professional Wireless Systems and WWB (Wireless Workbench) created by Shure. 4. 5 Intermodulation Products and Interference. where: Fin is the input frequency. 2 CTB and CSO. SIFM is the software for rapid calculation of intermodulation. The third-order intermodulation products are at the frequencies (2⍵1 ∓ ⍵2) and (⍵1 ∓ 2⍵2). “X” is the first set of values, and “Y” is the second set of values. Shuseel Baral is a web programmer and the founder of InfoTechSite has over 8 years of experience in software development, internet, SEO, blogging and marketing digital products and services is passionate about exceeding your expectations. Intermodulation. These radio frequency calculators help with unit conversion, attenuator design, antenna design, radars, and various other basic calculators. Scanned by 76 antivirus programs on Oct 11, 2023. They are typically used to convert signals from one frequency to another. More detail in chapter 5. This all-purpose Microsoft Excel amortization schedule template can be used for a variety of loan types including personal loans, mortgages, business loans, and auto loans. 3. Buy Investment Spreadsheet (Excel) Bonus: Investment Property Excel Model. If I understand sockets correctly the connection should be active until you explicitly shut them down. FET Bias Source Resistor. E. LO 0 x Input 3 : -85 dBc. Visit RF Link Budget>>. This Excel spreadsheet is an all-in-one home mortgage calculator. The amplitude of the intermodulation product plays a key role in degrading the desired signal. uk IMP Calc The IMP Calculator is a. Select Order. 14/26 – p. This is the calculated monthly payment for a 30-year mortgage with an interest rate of. We provide access to RF education. When two or more. The power of IM3 at low frequency is expressed in following classical formula: 1. Capacitor calculator; Cascaded amplifiers; Coaxial impedance; Reactance and resonance; VSWR Calculator; Wavelength and frequency calculator; Intermodulation. Hi Mark, I am really happy I found you with your way of explaining things – you saved my day, or perhaps my month. Estimate the mortgage that you can afford based on income, debt-to-income ratio, down payment, and housing expenses. . Net. It does this by testing for odd and/or even order products caused by the mixing of multiple transmitters at a given site in a non-linear device. Uplink antenna aperture efficiency e. Adjacent channel. Hold the "Shift" button and then click the last number in that column to select all of the numbers in between. waveguide dimensions table - describes WR sizes,frequency,dimensions (broad,narrow) in inch and mm. See chapter 4. Since 2002, the original Calculator Workbook has been available as a free download. Even though this equation is quite simple, its ramifications in RF design are significant. Broadband systems may be affected by. To do that, I’ll use a formula that takes the cash flow value, multiples it by the discount rate (I’ll use 5%) raised to a negative power (the year). Download popular programs, drivers and latest updates easily. Intermodulation calculator excel. If you do the math, you'll figure out that these customizable calculator templates will save you lots of time, pencils and paper, and head scratching. Highlighting of ranges added Slider to step RF frequency addded. 14/26For equal power two-tones ( vlow = vhi ), the OIP3 equals to the fundamental and IM3 power at the intercept point OIP3 = (C1vlow)2 ZL = (3 4C3v3low)2 ZL where ZL is the load impedance. . represent the frequencies of the original signals. Tools, utilities and links to help you working with wireless devices. =SUM (D1:D7,F1:F7)Welcome to the ninth installment of All About Wireless. The first and last sum products are unique where the first product location is given by equation 10, Eq. Log in / Sign up. De asemenea, distribuim informații despre utilizarea site-ului cu partenerii noștri de social media, publicitate și analiză. The most prominent during a two tone test would be the intermodulation products at 2f1-f2, 2f2-f1 and third harmonics at 3f1 and 3f2. 94 Migration to . PIM stands for Passive Intermodulation. 3. SIFM is the Sennheiser Software for rapid calculation of intermodulation-free radio frequencies for wireless microphone systems. 4. A trigonometric expansion of this term confirms that the interference signals are in-band and therefore cannot be filtered out. Compare the output. Figure 4 below shows the third order intercept value as a function of frequency for a typical wideband low-distortion amplifier. To check for triple beat PIM, enter a third frequency (F3). salary difference between assistant and associate professor cookie clicker save editor how many boats can you sell a year in florida readDownload a free calculator for Microsoft Excel or Google Sheets to estimate the future value of your savings account. Some loan calculations can be very simple, and the purpose of the simple loan calculator spreadsheet below is to demonstrate this with Excel. Accept All. . g. As a very basic example, suppose you have two transmitters at a site, one operating on 150MHz and. Uplink antenna transmit gain dBi. The Measurements tab appears when you select Spectrum in the Analyzer tab. 4. PIM (Passive Inter Modulation). 2. Calculate a percentage of increase. ONVIF Device Manager. Suppose you have the last month prices in column B and this month prices in column C. A trigonometric expansion of this term confirms that the interference signals are in-band and therefore cannot be filtered out. David Large, James Farmer, in Broadband Cable Access Networks, 2009. 10B € 1 Èÿ Arial1 h ÿ Arial1 ð ÿ Arial1 È ÿ ArialV General 0 0. Be sure to check our download area for stuff we couldn't fit into a simple HTML calculator. Conclusion. 5. Passive Inter-modulation (PIM) is the generation of interfering signals caused by non-linearities that occur in passive components such as antennas, cables, connectors, or duplexers with two or more high-power input signals. It is also called as RF IMD calculator. The two signals form intermodulation products at non. IM3 at 2f2 – f1: P IIM3 (dBm) = 2 · P 2 + PIn audio and communication systems, the most noticeable types of distortion are amplitude, non-flat frequency response, harmonic, intermodulation, and phase distortion. Large selection of online interactive calculators for RF design, including attenuators, capacitance, resonance, RF traps, and microstrip impedance. It gives the y-intercept value where the linear regression line intersects the y-axis. Signals emitted by 2 WA-TX-03S audio. It is wise to use these presets. Click any blank cell. Type =(2500-2342)/2342, and then press RETURN . 3. This is the maximum link margin that the satellite network could have in this example link. Out of These intermodulation products second order and third order are larger in magnitude and result into interference with the desired signals of interest. The third-order intermodulation (IM3) power is -69 dBm, and the 52-dB differenceFor a given frequency, knowing the third order intercept point allows calculation of the approximate level of the third-order IMD products as a function of output signal level. Non-linear circuits, included in both the output stages of transmitters and the input stages of receivers, are essential to the design of RF components. ) that exhibits a nonlinear response. Written in python3 and go - GitHub - panjacek/PIM_Calculator: Passive Intermodulation Calculator for RF antennas. The output of the mixer occurs at the frequencies: Users interested in Intermod calculator excel generally download: SIFMPRO 1. Click on an empty cell, then click on the “f x ” symbol in the function bar above the worksheet. 00\) $#,##0. It will explain why high IP3 (thus, high linearity) is so. Simply copy the Table and remove the data. LO Tuning Range (MHz) to : IF Centre Frequency: IF bandwidth: Low-Side LO High-Side LO Spur Search Range (MHz) to :. The first major new release of RF Cafe's spreadsheet (Excel) based engineering and science calculator is now available: Espresso Engineering Workbook™. The most advanced and flexible one is my Home Mortgage Calculator. This page covers excel sheets (11n data rate table, fixed wimax bandwidth table, mobile wimax BW with Fs, 16e data rate calculator, EVM conversions), PDF/PPT files (OFDM versus OFDMA,OSI,RRH,11a PHYSICAL layer,router, beamforming) and projects in matlab and simulink. Cascading IP3 Values in a Chain of Components. exe file inside the installer are Digitally Certified and Signed in order to. As OFDM typically have a large number of carriers, the impact of 3rd order distortion gets a bit more complicated to evaluate as the number of distortion product. Looking at Figure 5 in Modeling ADCs Using Intermodulation Polynomial and Effective Number of Bits , the two-tone intermodulation intercept point. The CAGR is also called a "smoothed" rate of return because it measures the growth of an investment as if it had grown at a steady rate on an annually compounded basis. Click on the image to see what we did in detail. STEP 1: Go to the top-left corner of the Excel Ribbon and click the down arrow on the Excel Toolbar. At this transponder operating point, the operating margin is equal to 5. General Loan Amortization Schedule Template. Example 1. This section will help the user understand fundamental relationships between intermods, harmonics, and intercept points. Passive Intermodulation (PIM) calculations and analysis based on component PIM ratings BUILDING MODELING Create multiple buildings Multi-layered oor plans with layout plans, walls, system equipment, cables, and more Import oor plans from . 2 Intermodulation 1. 1 Principle for the measurement of intermodulation distortion The imperfect linearity of amplitude-modulated radio transmitters can be expressed as a function of the level of the intermodulation products. MT-012. This tutorial will step through the basic operations of HDSpectrum. NET Framework 4. But there's more. To do so, it utilizes the inputted frequencies and orders of. Dec 21, 2014Intermodulation calculators. For the ideal case, we carry out the normalization in an integer space rather than a voltage space. Written in python3 and go F-Intermod 5. Seventh Order. Net (Intermodulation Analysis . F1 and F2 are the minimum inputs needed to use the ISCO PIM Calculator. Loose connections are another source. Uploaded by Fritz Dellsperger. Using the above results, we get the relation between the OIP3 and IM3 for unequal two-tones IM3low = (3 4C3v2lowvhi)2. 3Free. The monthly interest rate is calculated via a formula, but the rate can also be input manually if. dxf, . In a down conversion receiv-er, only the low frequency products are interesting. Passive intermodulation (PIM) is the mathematical mixing of two or more desired signals to generate a family of undesired signals. 3. End-to-End Performance. intermodulation calculator 4 frequenciesLisa. B. Lisa Woodward of Local 16 spearheaded the Excel macro effort, finding the right white papers and a rockin' math wiz (Robert Schwartz) to implement the calculator. Crossmodulation is a third order distortion. detailed view. Select the cell that contains the result from step 2. If the interference coincides with a network’s base receive frequencies, it can cripple network performance and throughput. Device noise calculation is as follow: A graphical analysis easily shows how to perform a cascaded system noise figure calculation: System noise figure is given by: The last term is the familiar Friis formula for noise factor. The first major new release of RF Cafe's spreadsheet (Excel) based engineering and science calculator is now available: Espresso Engineering Workbook™. Click the “Generate Report” button to generate a report that shows theIn addition to my favorite wireless tools, Here are of my favorite and most helpful wireless/RF resources I mentioned recently in the Live Sound Summit Webinar hosted by Nathan Lively of Sound Design Live. For a price quote or more information on any of V-Soft Communications' software products please contact us by email or call (319) 266-8402 or (800) 743-3684. Download Intermod - Calculate possible inter-modulation products within wireless microphone systems. However, when subject to the high RF powers found in. To begin with, we need to create the outline of our calculator first. Call us at 1 800-743-3684 for more information on InterMod™. Of course staying close here and subscribing to my YouTube channel is a good start…. . See derivation below the. Intermod Assist is an intermodulation analysis and frequency coordination application. The last two terms generate. Vertex42 provides high quality free Excel-based loan calculators to both individuals and industry professionals. Free Excel calculator templates to subtract stress from your life. Linear Interpolation in Excel The same Linear interpolation in excel takes the same data to excel. This spreadsheet tracks the following metrics: Cap rate and cash yield; Internal rate of return (IRR) Payback period (in number of years) Multiple on invested capital (MOIC)A compound annual growth rate (CAGR) measures the rate of return for an investment — such as a mutual fund or bond — over an investment period, such as 5 or 10 years. By moving. co. The well known equation found behind all mixer-spurious analysis programs is given by (after the paper by Bert Henderson) in which n and m are (positive and negative) integers. . In other words, the nonlinear range system gives out additional output signals. The result is 0. For the latter, open Excel, go to the Home section, and select "More Templates. STEP 4: Scroll down and select Calculator. OFDM is used in a number of communication and networking standards, including LTE, Wi-Fi, DOCSIS cable modems, MOCA home networking etc. For example, you could hear strong interference at 14. Our Savings Calculator is a free spreadsheet that is simple to use and much more powerful than most online calculators that you'll find. But there's more. Intermodulation Analysis System . 2. Here's how: Type the equal symbol (=) in a cell. Use our debt snowball calculator to help you eliminate your credit card, auto, student loan, and other debts. On the Home tab, click . Use Excel as your calculator. To copy columns of data from an Excel spread sheet, highlight the column of frequencies to be copied in Excel and select copy. A. Mixers are non-linear devices used in RF systems. Here are 6 free debt snowball spreadsheets for Google Sheets and Excel to help you save money, reduce stress, and avoid paying high-interest monthly fees. Calculate the Fourier transform of the voltage/current to get a power spectrum. This Javascript calculator uses the FM or TV propagation curves to find the distance to a service or interfering contour, or the corresponding field strength at a given contour distance. HDSpectrum is the TAP6 user interface for intermodulation studies. OIP3 calculation is performed using fundamental (f1, f2) and third order intermodulation product powers. SPURIOUS FREE DYNAMIC RANGE. These programs calculate frequencies based on intermodulation products. (6) Figure 3: Normalized constellation diagram. F-Intermod. Following is the list of useful converters and calculators. time square news live. Since 2002, the original Calculator Workbook has been available as a free download. This PIM calculator checks for any 3rd, 5th and/or 7th order products within a specified tolerance for up to 12 discrete transmitting and receiving frequencies. 00) $#,##0. ; Traficom database exclusion / inclusion tool: Tool to convert Traficom (viestintävirasto) wireless frequency finders results into inclusion / exclusion file, which. In this issue, we will focus on the generation and impact of intermodulation products. To make a perfectly true age formula, supply the following values to the YEARFRAC function: Start_date - date of birth. We also have the capability for ATE programming in Labview, HP/Agilent Vee or Visual Basic, and can produce associated. Design, development and small scale manufacture of simple RF and Audio items. Per 2 August 2023 both the installer you download and the WinRFCalc. The intercept point is based on a best-fit regression line plotted through the known x-values and known y-values. Three frequency intermodulation products. A: Intermodulation interference (or "intermod") results when two or more frequency components combine in a way that interferes with another frequency. The image from the spectrum analyser below shows signals on channels 2 and 3, 863. Description. 4 in. With these tools you can calculate your link budget and determine if any additional components are needed along your RF signal chain. Intermod calculator excel. 00 MHz. WinRFCalc download page. Up to 1000 transmit and 1000 receive frequencies can be entered with a frequency range from 0 Hz to. 00 ;($#,##0. Managing debt is a normal part of the modern financial journey. Enter the following expression into G7 (the commission. The most popular sizes for raised garden beds are 4 x 4 feet and 4 x 8 feet, and many easy-to-assemble kits come in these two sizes. In the example shown, the formula in C11 is: =PMT(C5/12,C6*12,-C9) With the inputs in the worksheet as shown, the PMT function determines a monthly payment of 2,994. In this model if you include the linear gain curve you can calculate right through the toi without extrapolating, although I used a well known expression to calculate it anyway for small input values. F-Intermod calculates RF. Users interested in Intermod calculator excel generally download: SIFMPRO 1. This general RF calculator provides path loss, VSWR and wavelength as well as conversions between many common measurements used in the wireless industry. To calculate the IIP3 (third-order intermodulation product) for the whole system, assume the input to the LNA is x(t), and the output is y 2 (t). RF Calculators Spreadsheet. Intermodulation Calculator for RF Devices Spreadsheet Excel Spreadsheet that calculates 2T30, 2T50, and 3T30 IMD’s for up to 16 device frequencies. This browser is no longer supported. Output overflow bug fixed for outputs greater than 32767 rows. exe). You can use PV with either periodic, constant payments (such as a mortgage or other loan), or a future value that's your investment goal. com. 00 >0 >0 800. ). Drag your cursor down until you've highlighted to the number that applies to the number of payments you'll make (for example, 360). Calculating the cascaded values for 3rd-order intercept point (IP3) for the system budget requires use of ratios for gain and power levels for IP3 (do not use dB and dBm. The intermodulation product is represented by the following formula: f1m=mf1±nf2········ In the formula: f1, f2 are the input fundamental frequency. The conventional package is more reasonable though is still several hundred dollars. LO 0 x Input 2 : -59 dBc. 1. 10 B € 1 Èÿ Arial1 h ÿ Arial1 ð ÿ Arial1 È ÿ ArialV General 0 0. The detailed view shows the intermodulation between the frequencies. Once calculations have been completed the map will indicate areas of possible intermodulation interference in red. This is crucial for your business. Net (Intermodulation Analysis . ) products are observed, because they fall into the spectrum of interest. Spur Calculator Spectrum Analyzer How To Use Spur Calculator. base stations. . With this tool, the output frequencies of an RF mixer are calculated using the Henderson [see the Watkins Johnson application note written by Henderson available after the installation of WinRFCalc] model for spurious calculations. Difference between CDMA and GSM specifications. Enter the cell range for known Y-values followed by a comma. The IIP2 calculator uses IP2 formula for IIP2 and OIP2 calculations. Here’s how that looks: I created a discount rate named range so that it’s easy to reference the percentage and to change it. Get this excel template customized with. For interpolation, we have a below formula. Version: 1. Non-linear systems generate harmonics in response to. Download this excel loan calculator template in pdf online and create a thorough and profession loan calculator file with accurately calculated loans for your business or organization. LO 0 x Input 3 : -85 dBc. The trunked package is in upwards of $2,500. 02. 6 MB. Intermod Assist is an intermodulation analysis and frequency coordination application. Use the equal sign to calculate. Calculate intermodulation products from 2 and 3 frequencies. Using intermodulation calculation software will always give you an advantage on any wireless project. Intermodulation Analysis System . 00 $#,##0 ;($#,##0) $#,##0 ;[Red]($#,##0) $#,##0. 6. (MHz) This PIM calculator allows entry of up to 12 disrete transmit and receive frequencies. IP3 or IMD3 refers to third order intermodulation distortion products power. The expression normally used for the mixing products is: FIF = M * FRF + N * FLO (1) Where M and N are equal to 0, ±1, ±2, etc. Testing is usually done (in HF receivers) with a 20-kHz spacing between the desired and undesired signals, a 3-kHz IF bandwidth on the receiver, and the desired signal set to 1,000 μV EMF. Web. It is also called as RF IMD calculator. 7. Interpolating between Two Values by Joining SLOPE and INTERCEPT Functions. Third order distortions are the result of third order non-linearity and are formed by two mixing operations such as (A)+ (A)+ (A) or 3A, (A)+ (A)+ (B), 2A+B, A+B+C. WinRFCalc download page. In our example of paddy growth, the first set of values is (4,2). Intermodulation Math. The free space path loss is the loss in signal strength of a signal as it travells through free space. Click Add. Here are a few uses for this calculator This page covers RF Intermodulation calculator. It's in its infancy as a project but it saved my ass this week which is why I'm so uncharacteristically giddy about it. Osvaldo Porto - Electrotechnical Engineer. SIFM is the Sennheiser Software for rapid calculation of intermodulation-free radio frequencies for wireless microphone systems. Description. The calculator helps to find 2nd and 3rd-order IMD products because. Here’s an explanation of what causes intermodulation. Understanding the dynamic performance of the receiver requires knowledge of intermodulation products (IPs) and how they affect receiver operation. It can also exist for other audio components like speakers and CD or Blu-ray/DVD players, and it can be one of the most difficult music-related distortions to mitigate in. Calculating these will provide us the measure of non-linearity in a system. Web This PIM calculator checks for any 3rd 5th andor 7th order products within a specified tolerance for up to 12 discrete transmitting. These signals are usually low power, but in some cases, it is sufficiently powerful to distort another receiving signal. Refer RF Harmonic Distortion Measurement>>. Use the Auto Loan Calculator worksheet to calculate the amount you will need to finance, based on the sales price of the car, destination charge, fees, sales tax, down payment, cash rebate, and trade-in value of an older auto. Select Order. We use named ranges for the input cells. 0. The Annuity Calculator on this page is based on the time-value-of-money or "finance theory" definition of annuity. The detailed view shows the intermodulation between the frequencies. Press the Enter key to complete your calculation. Reflection Calculator. 0 and 100. Update 11/12/2015: The main download and the Google. DCF Formula in Excel. co/36WjCOvLearn. Since headend levels can be carefully optimized and premium amplifiers used, intermodulation distortion within the headend is minimized, and most distortion occurs in the supertrunk, coaxial distribution, and set-top terminal. A. Midian's INTERMOD CALCULATOR predicts the possible occurrence of intermodulation products that may cause receiver interference at the radio repeater site. The use of intermodulation table (IMT) files can lead to accurate prediction of the output frequency content of an up-converting or down-converting mixer. The first and last sum products are unique where the first product location is given by equation 10, Eq. INTERMODULATION PRODUCTS. The goal in designing a signal chain with a power amplifier is to minimize distortion on the output due to harmonic generation and intermodulation products. As a spectrum analyzer also includes non-linear devices like the input mixer or a pre-amplifier, it generates its own intermodulation products, which might have a similar amplitude as the IM products generated by the DUT. Occasionally, Excel will leave invisible characters in blank cell fields that can cause F-Intermod run-time errors. . It enables you to drag and drop files from desktop to Clouds.